Listed below are few attributes that can be assigned to a file:

 

• # chattr +i /etc/passwd : i = immutable (cannot remove, edit, rename or move)
• # chattr -i /etc/passwd : Remove the above attribute
• # lsattr /etc/passwd : View the attribute
• # chattr +A /etc/passwd : Donot update the access time.
• # chattr +a /etc/passwd :Open the file only in append only mode. Eg: using cat
• # chattr -t /et c/passwd : ignore the file for backup